Solvent chemicals are substances that are used to dissolve, suspend, or extract other substances. They are commonly used as a medium for chemical reactions and as a cleaning agent. Solvents can be organic or inorganic, and they can be classified according to their polarity, which refers to the distribution of electrical charge within the solvent molecule. Polar solvents, such as water, have a high affinity for ions and are good at dissolving ionic compounds. Nonpolar solvents, such as hydrocarbons, have a low affinity for ions and are good at dissolving nonpolar compounds.

Solvents are used in a wide range of applications, including the formulation of paints, adhesives, inks, and cleaning products. They are also used in the extraction of natural products, such as essential oils, and in the separation and purification of chemical compounds. Solvents are an important component of many pharmaceuticals, as they are used to dissolve active ingredients and to facilitate the delivery of drugs through the body. In addition, solvents are used in the laboratory as a medium for chemical reactions and to dissolve reactants.